----------------------------- 3.9, No 4. ----------------------------- The formula has the form of: some A ==> (forall i: 0<=i : a[i]=a[0]) You can prove this by assuming A, and then proving the RHS of the implication above. As hinted, you can prove the latter using induction. Now, the Induction rule for natural numbers look like this: (1) P 0 (2) (forall n : n>=0 : P n ==> P (n + 1)) -------------------------------------- (forall n : n>=0 : P n) And what is "P" in this case? Spoiler: define P i to represent (a[i]=a[0]).